pathology of joint

PATHOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF JOINTS
OBJECTIVES
To outline the general structural and functional features of joints (particularly a synovial joint) and describe the structural basis and causes of joint injuries (e.g. dislocation, fractures and sprain), joint disorders (e.g. bursitis, arthritis) and pathology of joints and connective tissue which affect movement
TWO DISORDERS WILL BE CONSIDERED:

OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS(RA)

IN OA effect usually wt bearing joints like knee, hip, vertebral column
In RA usually effect small joints of both hands and feet. other joints also effected as wrist, elbows. Shoulders, knees, ankels and upper segment of cervical spine
In both OA and RA
Pain
Deficient movement (disability)
Deformity

Cartilage:
Shock absorbing property
In healthy joint the functional integrity of cartilage depend on organized balanced syntheses of cartilage component by chondrocyte
Due lacking of blood vessels and lymphatics the nutrition of and synthetic activity of chondrocyte .Depends upon diffusion and transport of nutrients and metabolite throughout cartilage matrix. In osteoarthritis there is a destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic chronic connective tissue inflammatory disease , affecting yhe joint synovial tissue leading to chronic inflammatory synovits, evantualy result in invasion and erosion of articular cartilage and subchondral bone