Methods in Light Microscopy and Cell Ultra structure

Methods in Light Microscopy and Cell Ultra structure
The plasma membrane:Cell membrane are selective barriers that enclose cell compartments and separate them from external environment.
Plasma Membrane consist of : CHO – Lipid – protein
* Lipid :
polar head “hydrophilic”, non-polar end ”hydrophobic”, Phospholipids & glycolipids & cholesterol
*Proteins:
Peripheral proteins (associated with the surfaces of membranes), and Integral proteins (transmembrane).
* Nucleus: control center for cellular operations & stores the genetic information, Contains DNA, nucleoproteins and RNA, and Surrounded by a double membrane.
* Nuclear envelope:
Consists of a double layer of membranes bounding the nucleus and its fluid, and Contains nuclear pores.
*ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Network of interconnected membranes.
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum.
1-Rough endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes attached to surface flattened sacs Manufacture protiens, and not ot all ribosomes attached to rough ER
2-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: not associated with ribosomes, Cisternae not as flattened as rer, and scattered around cytoplasm.

The Microscope:A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by our naked eyes.
Two basic types of microscopes that are used in biological studies : the compound light microscope and the electron microscope.