abdominal wall and hernia

objectives
uto appreciate the structures of the abdominal wall, and that hernias may develop
u describe the consequences of developmental defects as they relate to the abdominal wall and give relevant examples
u describe areas of potential weakness in the abdominal wall udescribe the structure of the inguinal canal
udistinguish direct and indirect inguinal hernias
udescribe epigastric, umbilical and femoral hernias in relation to their relevant anatomy
Etiology
uHernia occur at sites of weakness in the wall This weakness may be:
• Normal (physiology ) weakness, related to the anatomical causes
• Congenital abnormality • Acquired
uTraumatic disease

Epidemology

•Male to female (9:1)
•Young adult mostly have indirect inguinal hernia
•As age of the patient increase, incidence of direct inguinal hernia

Risk factors

• Chronic cough
• Constipation
• Pregnancy
• Straining during micturation
• Sever muscular effort (lifting heavy object)
• Ascites- fluid may increase the size of existing sac
• increase