Introduction to Physical Examination part 2

Objectives of this lesson:
? To shed a light on the importance of careful observation and physical
examination of each patient in order to reach the correct diagnosis.
? establish the bases for examination of certain physical signs which
indicate the presence of internal pathology.

REFERENCES
Macleod s Clinical Examination, 12th Edition
Editors: Graham Douglas, Fiona Nichol, Colin Robertson
Davidson s Principles and Practice of Medicine.

Physical signs
JACCOL?!
Jaundice
anaemia
cyanosis
clubbing
odema
lymph nodes
?!

Jaundice:
yellowing of the skin, sclera
and mucous membranes.
is caused by increased levels of
human body.
(the white of the eyes)
bilirubin in the

Jaundice classified as:
hemolytic .
hepatocellular .
obstructive types .
Jaundice is usually examined in the sclera , oral mucous
membrane and skin .

clubbing
Clubbing of nails : is certain type of deformity of the fingernails
occurs if there is the following changes:
a- loss of the normal angle between the nail and nail bed
b-increase nail bed fluctuation
c- increased nail curvature in later stage
d- increased bulk of the soft tissues over the phalanges .